Silver Down 50%: Bull Market or Bust? -

Welcome to this week’s Market Wrap Podcast, I’m Mike Gleason.
Coming up, we’ll hear a tremendous interview with Przem Radomski, a CFA with decades of experience in the precious metal space, who has lots to say about various topics… including whether or not we’re still in a precious metals bull market; if gold is likely to hold onto $4,000 or fall below that key level here in the near term; and why many investors may be favoring dollars and bonds compared to the metals right now given the recent weakness in gold and silver. And then, PR as they call him, tells us where he thinks metals will be a year or two from now despite this current pullback.
So, be sure to stick around for another wonderful interview between Money Metals’ Mike Maharrey and Przem Radomski, coming up after this week’s market update. And before we go any further, if you wouldn’t mind, please do us a favor and like and subscribe to this podcast right now while you’re thinking of it.
Gold and silver are getting hammered again this week, with gold heading for its biggest weekly decline in more than four months and silver suffering even steeper losses.
But while short-term traders are running for the exits, some prominent analysts see an opportunity.
One long-time silver market observer believes the white metal is actually setting up for another explosive advance. And a former Federal Reserve insider has dumped his bank stocks and is putting money into gold.
We'll get to both stories in a moment. First, let's look at the markets.
Gold has fallen back toward $4,000 an ounce after trading near $4,400 just last week. Silver has been hit even harder, dropping into the mid-$50s after failing to sustain its recent recovery.
Silver is now down more than half from its January peak of $120 an ounce. That's an extraordinary correction, even by silver's notoriously volatile standards.
And the selling pressure hasn't let up. Both metals have broken below important short-term price levels, with gold struggling to hold $4,000 and silver unable to regain the $58.50 area.
As for the specifics, and as of this Friday morning recording, gold checks in at $4,011 an ounce, down 4.0% on the week. Silver is off about $3 to come in at $54.83, down 4.9%. Platinum is off 4.3% to trade currently at $1,574. And finally, palladium is down to $1,076 an ounce, off 5.4% since last Friday’s close.
For now, momentum remains decidedly negative. So, what's driving the latest selloff? Once again, the answer largely comes down to inflation and the Federal Reserve.
Oil prices jumped roughly 4% Thursday and are up again here today, reaching a five-month high after Houthi attacks in Saudi Arabia raised concerns about disruptions to energy supplies.
Higher oil prices threaten to push inflation even higher, potentially forcing the Fed to keep interest rates elevated longer than investors previously expected.
Meanwhile, the latest unemployment claims report showed new filings falling to near 57-year lows, suggesting the labor market remains surprisingly resilient. That may be good news for workers, of course. But Wall Street has a strange way of interpreting economic developments.
Strong employment means the Fed has less reason to ease monetary policy. Higher energy prices mean more inflation. And both developments can encourage traders to sell gold and silver. The next big event is the Fed's October 27th and 28th policy meeting, followed by another important inflation report next week.
But here's the irony. Investors are selling gold because inflation is proving stubborn and interest rates may stay higher for longer. Yet inflation and the erosion of purchasing power are precisely why people own gold in the first place.
And there's another problem with the Fed's higher-for-longer strategy. Washington is already drowning in debt. Higher interest rates make that debt even more expensive to service, putting additional pressure on federal finances.
The central bankers may be able to keep rates elevated for a while. But can they really maintain tight monetary policy indefinitely while the federal government continues running enormous deficits?
That brings us to a fascinating story involving a former Federal Reserve insider. Christopher Whalen, a veteran financial analyst who previously worked as a researcher at the New York Fed, recently revealed that he sold all his bank stocks. And what's he buying instead?
Well, Gold.
In a recent interview, Whalen explained that he expects growing problems in the banking sector as higher borrowing costs and mounting consumer delinquencies squeeze lenders. He's particularly concerned about consumer credit, where Americans have accumulated enormous debt and are increasingly struggling to keep up with payments.
Whalen believes rising credit losses will hurt bank earnings and ultimately bank stock prices. So, he's moved away from those investments and increased his exposure to precious metals, energy stocks, and income-producing assets.
What's especially interesting is his outlook for the Federal Reserve.
While markets are currently worried about additional rate hikes, Whalen thinks the Fed may soon be forced in the opposite direction. He believes a slowing economy could prompt interest-rate cuts as early as the first quarter of 2027. And he expects the Fed will eventually resume creating money to purchase Treasury securities, helping finance Washington's enormous borrowing requirements.
In other words, Whalen sees another round of monetary inflation coming.
That's a pretty remarkable assessment from someone who has spent decades studying the banking system from the inside.
He also points to central banks around the world steadily diversifying their reserves away from the dollar and toward gold. Whalen doesn't believe the dollar is about to lose its status as the world's leading reserve currency. But he does believe foreign central banks increasingly want an independent reserve asset that isn't controlled by Washington.
And gold fits that description perfectly.
His broader message is that government borrowing and currency debasement aren't going away.
Which raises an obvious question: If someone who understands the banking system this well is selling bank stocks and buying gold, shouldn't ordinary investors at least consider why?
Now, let's turn to silver, where the recent price collapse has understandably shaken investor confidence. Technical analyst Jesse Colombo, however, believes the bull market is far from over. In fact, he thinks silver may be preparing for its next major advance.
Colombo correctly anticipated the beginning of silver's bull market back in early 2024, when prices were still in the $20s. He also warned that silver would eventually need a substantial cooling-off period after its spectacular rally.
And that's exactly what we've seen.
Silver soared to $120 an ounce in late January, attracting a wave of speculative interest. Then prices collapsed, wiping out more than half of those gains.
But Colombo argues that the selloff hasn't destroyed the long-term bullish setup. His analysis centers on a massive price pattern that has been developing since the 1960s.
For decades, silver struggled to break through the $50 level, reaching that area in 1980 and then again in 2011 before retreating. Then last October, silver finally broke decisively above $50.
According to Colombo, that was an enormously significant development.
And despite the recent correction, silver has so far managed to hold above that former ceiling, which has now become an important support level.
He believes the market is simply working off the speculative excesses that accumulated during its extraordinary run. And he sees signs that silver may be approaching another major turning point.
Colombo also points out that the recent bull market never generated the kind of widespread public enthusiasm typically associated with a historic market top.
Silver exchange-traded fund holdings rose relatively modestly compared with the enormous increase in prices, while American Silver Eagle sales remained surprisingly subdued.
In his view, the real speculative frenzy may still lie ahead.
Colombo even believes silver could eventually reach hundreds of dollars per ounce, although that is a long-term technical projection, not a guarantee.
For now, the key level remains $50. If silver holds above that price and begins recovering, Colombo believes the stage could be set for another powerful advance. Of course, silver could still fall further before that happens. And the current short-term technical picture does remain rather weak.
But there's an important distinction between a market experiencing a painful correction and one whose fundamental bull market has ended.
Silver's industrial uses aren't disappearing. Mine supply remains constrained. And the monetary forces driving investors toward precious metals certainly haven't gone away.
In fact, if Christopher Whalen is right about the Fed eventually returning to rate cuts and money creation, the conditions could become even more favorable for gold and silver.
So, investors are facing two very different pictures.
In the short term, precious metals are under pressure from rising interest-rate expectations, a stronger dollar, and negative market momentum. But the longer-term outlook continues to be shaped by runaway government borrowing, persistent inflation, financial-system risks, and growing interest in hard assets.
The Fed can move interest rates up or down. What it can't do is make Washington's debt disappear.
And that's why the case for owning physical gold and silver doesn't begin or end with this week's price action.
For investors focused on preserving purchasing power over the long haul, the bigger story remains very much intact.
Well now, without further delay – and for much more on the state of the markets and the recent correction in metals – let’s get right to this week's exclusive interview.
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Mike Maharrey: Greetings. I'm Mike Maharrey, and I'm joined today by Przemyslaw Radomski, which I did not say anywhere near correctly, but thankfully he goes by PR, so I don't have to say the name again. PR is a CFA with decades of experience in the precious metal space and a great analyst, and he's coming to us from Poland, which is kind of cool. How are you doing today?
Przemyslaw Radomski: Pretty fine. Pretty fine. Thank you, Mike. How are you today?
Mike Maharrey: I'm doing pretty good. It's great to have you on the show, and it's always interesting to talk about what's going on in the gold and silver market, and there's certainly a lot going on. As we're recording this, we're having another down day for both gold and silver and a big surge in oil prices. The last time I looked, Brent Crude was like $111 per barrel, which has kind of touched that a couple times through the war, but that's about the peak that we've seen, so it's kind of interesting. But up to this point, we've seen gold manage to maintain $4,000 despite a lot of headwinds. We've got higher yields, dollar strength, those types of things that are working against it. But to me, that $4,000 is starting to feel a little bit shaky, especially as I'm looking today and we're down below 41. As it falls through this level, should we declare an end to the gold bull market?
I guess first I should ask, do you think it can hold 4,000? I'll let you speculate on that, but then I guess more broadly, is the gold bull market over?
Przemyslaw Radomski: Well, that's a lot of questions.
Mike Maharrey: It's a big question, right?
Przemyslaw Radomski: Yeah, it's a big question. First of all, thank you for having me. Once again, it's been a while and I'm looking forward to discussing all this today. So, starting with the big question, I don't think the big bull market in the precious metals is over. I mean, the long-term bull market I think is intact. The key fundamentals are intact. The geopolitical situation, the immigration crisis in the US and Europe, massive amounts of money being printed. Yes, the rates are rising right now, but who knows how it will go down. And well, down in this sentence might be not just figuratively, but literally in case of stocks.
Well, I think most of us, I mean, myself and also the viewers later will remember very well what happened in 2008 when stocks fell. Gold and silver plunged, but they did not stay that low for a long time. And I think we are about to see something similar this time in the following months. Maybe the decline will not be as sharp in 2008, or maybe it might. It's anyone's guess.
But connecting this to the other part of your question, will gold hold at $4,000? I don't think so. I don't think so. Well, especially the last few days, the dollar index has been moving lower or it's been testing the previous 2006 highs and gold has been declining anyway. Usually when dollar moves a bit lower, gold moves a bit higher or it rallies when it's in the full bull mode. Where this time the opposite happened, so it doesn't really bode well.
Also, we had two or three, I think it was two quite profound daily reversals in mining stocks, which also doesn't bode well. And also silver outperformed gold on a very short-term basis. And this is one of the signs that I'm looking for when determining when a local top might be. So, that's why I described in one of my recent gold trading alerts that, hey, don't be fooled by silver strength. I mean a temporary one, not the big run higher in terms of months, but the very near term run up in silver, don't trust that initially. This is often what happens right before tops or right at them. And I think that's the third time in the past several weeks that this proved to really herald price declines across the board in the personnel sector. So will we see some support in here in case of gold?
I doubt that we saw it. I mean, gold has been trading around those levels for a few weeks now, but given how it's been reacting to dollar's action, I don't think we're going to see this continue for much longer. I mean, the dollar seems to have verified the breakout. It also formed reversals just like mining stocks, but miners well-formed bearish reversals, the dollar index from bullish reversals from exactly the previous highs. So what was previously the resistance, I mean the previous highs now proved to be support.
Consequently, the dollar seems ready to move higher. Maybe it's waiting for a trigger, but when the technicals align, you don't even have to have a trigger. A trigger can speed things up, but when technicals align, enough time passes, people can start buying just on their own based on technical, so emotional grounds. And right now we have the situation where gold is not responding to what dollar was doing on the downside when it was declining gold failed to rally. This tells me gold doesn't want to rally here. I mean in terms of days and weeks, not years. This tells me, okay, if the dollar is likely to rally here, and I think it is, and gold fails to rally even when dollar is falling, then when dollar does indeed rally, then gold can decline more rapidly than it did in the previous days. We've had this consolidation, perhaps it was a so-called flag pattern and breakdowns from those patterns tend to be followed by a decline that's similar to the move that preceded it.
Well, the preceding move was up bigger from the short-term point of view decline. So it seems to me that gold might move to new yearly lows relatively soon. Maybe it's even a matter of days, maybe a few weeks, but I think that's the likely outcome right now. And again, this doesn't end the bull market in my opinion. I mean the long-term bull market. People could argue what does one mean by short-term or medium term, but overall in terms of weeks to probably several months, we could see lower prices, but then again, perhaps a year or two or much more of higher prices in the personal market. Right now, if I'm going off the topic, please interrupt me.
Mike Maharrey:
No, no, you're fine.
Przemyslaw Radomski: Okay. So the thing that immediately popped into my mind is what's going on today. I mean, stocks are declining and gold is declining alongside of them and people might be perplexed. I mean, why doesn't gold work as a hedge against that? It should be in theory, but there are all sorts of mechanisms that those channels through which gold can operate. And in this case, I think what we see is the liquidity channel. So people get out of the stock market or are forced to close their positions, their capital declines, so they're forced to raise capital to have enough for margins. So they sell pretty much anything that they could have. And let's face it, gold is an easy sell here because of how high it's rallied in the previous months. So many people will just think about, okay, let's take some profits here. Why not?
So, that could be what's going on here. And well, if this is not the end of the declines in stocks, I don't think it is. If the slide happens shortly or after a few weeks, I think we're going to see it probably rather sooner than later. We could see more of that. So gold and especially silver in this case, because of all the industrial uses and connections, it can and is likely to decline along with stocks. We saw the same thing in 2008, we saw the same thing in 2020. And when you think about it, well, if you know about the liquidity channel, it does make sense. But if you focus just on the fundamental picture, like all the industrial uses of silver, all the new ways that silver can be utilized, it makes no sense. Makes you think about how logical and how good the price discovery mechanism is.
Does the price truly reflect everything that people know about the price? I mean, the supply and demand before and after the crash are essentially the same, right? And still, the same happened in 2008. Before silver price was cut by, I think it was one third in a relatively short period of time.
And yeah, the fundamental picture was exactly the same before and after, and yet it happened. So, this means that all the good fundamentals that we have for the brush mills market will not likely prevent that if the liquidity channel comes into play.
Mike Maharrey: Yeah, that absolutely all makes sense. I'm kind of curious because you noted that you've got gold falling, you’ve got stocks falling. The bond market has been struggling for the last several months. We have yields at levels we haven't seen since before the great recession. Where's the safe haven right now? Is it dollars? Is that where people are going for the safe haven?
Przemyslaw Radomski: Apparently. I mean, well, there are two ways to look at it. Well, one is the price levels that we have, and the other are the dynamics, what's going on to the price. It's declining, but hey, gold is still $4,000 an ounce. It's not 2,000 or 3,000 like it was a few years ago. So, it's still expensive. So, people are still using it. They didn't dump gold on the markets massively to get out. People still hold it. So this is still true to a huge extent, but the dynamic changes a bit because of the interest rates. Well, gold pays no interest. And essentially when people see that price keeps moving up and up and higher and making new records, it feels good to hold this kind of assets. But when price does nothing or it even declines, and then they see, well, if I had bonds, I could get at least say 5%.
So, maybe I should diversify, maybe switch from gold partially to bonds and well, first raise dollars by selling gold and then go into bonds. And it's not just a US phenomenon. The same thing is happening globally. The rates are increasing after being extremely low for years. Well, the rates seems very high from the short-term or medium term point of view, but if you look at where they traded for decades, they're not that high actually. They could move even higher. So, people owning gold, if they don't have this momentum behind them, it's not as fun psychologically to be a gold owner.
Mike Maharrey: It's kind of boring really.
Przemyslaw Radomski: Yeah, it does little.
Mike Maharrey: Yeah, exactly. Well, let's talk a little bit about the Fed because you mentioned interest rates, and I think that's a very key factor in what we're seeing. And the interest rate psychology is definitely creating a lot of headwinds for gold. And of course, every time we get these oil spikes, that increases inflation worries, and then people assume the Federal Reserve's going to have to respond by raising rates. What I don't hear people talking about a lot, and I'm curious about your thoughts on this, is the other side of the equation where maybe the Fed is a little bit more constrained than a lot of people want to admit because of the massive levels of debt in the economy, not only here in the United States, but also globally. Do you think that at some point the Fed is going to be forced to pivot back to rate cuts even with inflation increasing because of the debt issue?
Przemyslaw Radomski: It might. It might. And I think there is no good way out of the situation where we're in because in 2008, the inflation expectations and the inflation in general, the situation wasn't like it is right now. I mean, yes, the oil was also high, but right now we have also the situation regarding China tariffs, all those things contributing to higher inflation. This is a global phenomenon. We have the situation in the Middle East where there's really no solution inside. Various comments come from politicians, but well, they try to calm people down before the elections. But when you look at what's going on, well, not much is going on and the supply of crude oil is strained and it's even worse for diesel because of what's going on in Russia and the refineries. So right now the Fed's power to cut rates is limited because of all the inflationary pressures.
So, it has to choose between two evils. It either allows the inflation to roam and it could get out of hand because it can spiral out of control and then you have an even bigger problem to contain and you have to pretty much strangle the economy with extremely high rates, which would be a disaster. But then again, if you don't do that, then what happens when the rates rise and you have to pay those debt servicing fees, those interest payments. So, I'm not sure how it's going to be solved.
I think they might try to go in some kind of middle way, so maybe now keep rising the rates until the stock market crashes. But when it crashes, then cut the rates. Because if they have the rates at higher levels when the stock market crashes, then they at least have some room to cut.
Mike Maharrey: Yeah, that's a good point.
Przemyslaw Radomski: So, actually when forecasting things like that, in my personal view, looking at the economy is, well, it's definitely useful, but I personally like to also consider the guilt avoidance mechanism because people making the decisions will not want to be remembered by history and voters as those that triggered the declines by their decisions. So before they do anything, they want to make sure that they can blame this on some things, maybe something from the past, someone from abroad, so that there's always someone else's fault and that they did everything they could, based on their competence, their goodwill, and that everything that they did was for the people. And so they will probably twist and squirm and try to add the framing that whatever they do, that it's best for people. And economics are one thing, but what might actually be the real reason behind the decisions is, okay, what can we actually explain to people that was necessary?
Because if they know that something really bad is going to happen, then they might choose the kind of bad that at least makes them look good.
Mike Maharrey: Yeah, that's a really good point, how much politics plays into this decision making. As you were talking, I was thinking back to the pandemic era, and if we go back to the couple of years before that, 2018, 2019, we saw a pretty significant drop in the stock market in October of 2018. And a lot of that I think was due to the fact that the Fed was trying to tighten interest rates after nearly a decade of zero. And the world was reacting to it taking away that easy money drug. And the pandemic kind of bailed them out because they could blame, "Oh, well, we have to cut rates. We have to stimulate now because we've got this pandemic." So they were able to point to that when in fact things were already starting to unravel because of the monetary malfeasance during the Great Recession. And they kind of got bailed out there.
I don't know if they'll get something like that this time, but you're right, they're always finding a way. It's the war or it's Putin or it's greedy corporations or whatever you want to throw out there. I wanted to touch on one other thing that you mentioned to me when we were corresponding, and that's the silver mining stocks. And you said that the strength on gold's down days came before both declines this month and the miners are lagging. What is this telling us? What's the signal that you're reading here with silver mining stocks?
Przemyslaw Radomski: I meant silver and mining stocks. I didn't like silver miners.
Mike Maharrey: Oh, gotcha.
Przemyslaw Radomski: Okay. The two markets, not one. Well, it's connected with what I said in my first reply when I started talking for 10 minutes or so. I mean, there are two mechanisms that I'm looking at on a short-term basis. One is what mining stocks are doing relative to gold. Second mechanism, what silver is doing relative to gold. Mining stocks usually lead gold. This is not always the case, but quite often so. So, if they are leading gold, I mean they are rallying more than the gold is, and it's not just a one-day event. It's happening over and over again. It indicates that the bull markets, well, okay, a rally or a short-term bull market, depends how you want to call it, that it's relatively healthy.
It still has some room to run. What we often see right before the top is that mining stocks start to lag. Gold is moving higher and moving higher, moving higher. And the leverage that miners used to have at the beginning of the rally and in the middle of the rally, it's no longer being kept. For example, if miners magnified gold gains by the factor of two, then it moves to 1.5 and then they move on par. And at some point there might be a session where we see gold move 1% higher and then mining stocks move 1% higher and then decline toward the end of the session and we have a daily reversal. This would be a perfect situation to exit long positions, consider entering short ones, something like that. Every now and then there is also the final pop up in mining stocks where they fake their strength, but this is not always the case.
This is not reliable. What is reliable? Well, much more so because there are no certainties on any market, but the fact that we see this underperformance of mining stocks. And the opposite is the case at the beginning of a rally. Mining stocks tend to be the part of the professionals market that performs best in early parts of a rally. So, it's kind of convenient to give up on the final few days of a rally in mining stocks because the rally kind of stalls. So, you're not as worried about catching the exact top because you're not losing as much of the potential gains as you do in case of gold and in case of silver. But when you're bottom hunting, if you are doing something like that, because some people prefer to just use dollar cost averaging and steady enter into a position like long-term investors, but for traders, that's just what they do on a regular basis.
Then choosing mining stocks as the proxy through which you benefit from the rebound, that might be a good idea. Silver, on the other hand, has different dynamics. It tends to catch up. So while mining stocks lag, silver can catch up and it's kind of the same mechanism that I already spoke about. I mean, the fact that silver outperforms right before the top, but it's actually happening to a smaller degree earlier. For example, there is, for example, a midpoint of a rally. If you focused on mining stocks in the first half of a rally and then switched to silver in the second half of a rally, of course you would have to know what the final size of a rally is, but if you manage to pull it off, then you can gain extra profits by making that switch because you'll have, for example, two thirds of a rally in mining stocks in the first half and then two thirds of a rally in silver in the second half.
So together, you don't have a full rally, but rally and then one extra third of thereof. So that's one way to take advantage of it. Of course, it doesn't work each and every time, but quite often, quite often. And from the analytical point of view, it's interesting to see those days where you have silver rallying versus gold and miners not rallying versus gold or being weak. And ideally, stock market should be relatively flat on that day because it could influence both silver and mining stocks. Silver because it has so many industrial uses, mining stocks because they're essentially stocks. So, if we have that, then this mechanism might be a bit biased, and both could move higher than otherwise that would be case otherwise. But overall, this kind of dynamic is worth watching. And we did see something like that to a smaller extent in the recent days.
Silver was strong for a very short time, miners not so much. And even if you look at the last few weeks, what happened in gold and mining stocks, gold was moving horizontally, miners were moving lower, lower highs, lower lows, the trend was down. So that's where I wrote to my subscribers, "Watch out. This is probably going to move even lower."
Mike Maharrey: Yeah, very interesting. It's wild how it all plays together. And technical analysis fascinates me. My wheelhouse is more the macroeconomic fundamental environment. I've learned a lot about technical analysis over the last couple of years, but it's interesting because it captures psychology, right? I mean, the reason that we can look at these patterns is because people behave in pretty predictable ways, at least in mass. So you get these patterns that develop over time and they become predictive, and it's really interesting to see that play out. So before I let you go, I do want you to let folks know where they can find you, follow you, subscribe to your work, and avail themselves of the knowledge that you have to offer.
Przemyslaw Radomski: Oh, thank you. Yes, please join me at goldenmeadow.eu, goldenmeadow.eu, like European Union. So, on that website, you have description of everything that we do. You have the ability to sign up for a free trial. You have the free mailing list so you can review everything before you pay and you can access our prem analysis and see just what our subscribers get on a daily basis, the daily alerts, the intraday ones. So, I invite you to take a look, especially if you're able to get in right now because the markets are really hot.
Mike Maharrey: Yeah, definitely. I would encourage people to check that out. I was reading through your about section and you have a very well-developed strategy and I think people will appreciate what you're doing. I certainly did. I thought, well, this all makes really good sense to me. So check that out, folks. And PR, thank you so very much for hanging out with me a little bit. I really appreciate it. We'll get you back on again in the near future as things continue to unfold and really appreciate how you put the current situation into context with the longer term situation as well. I think it gives a good overview for folks to chew on. So, thank you so very much for being with me.
Przemyslaw Radomski: Thank you. Thank you, Mike. Thank you for having me. Looking forward to our next conversation.
Mike Maharrey:Outstanding. Thanks again.
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Really enjoyed hearing from the man they refer to simply as PR and I hope you enjoyed that discussion. Certainly, some interesting market dynamics playing out at the moment and it was nice to get a new perspective on that from Mr. Radomski.
Well, that will do it for this week. Be sure to check back next Friday for our next Weekly Market Wrap Podcast. And to check out any of our audio programs, including our second podcast, the Money Metals Midweek Memo, just visit <a href="https://www.moneymetals.com/podcasts">MoneyMetals.com/podcasts</a> or find them wherever you listen to your favorite podcasts. And as a big help to us we would ask you to please like, subscribe, download and rate our podcasts. Doing so helps us extend the reach of this material.
Until next time, this has been Mike Gleason with <a href="https://www.moneymetals.com/">Money Metals Exchange</a>, thanks for listening and have a wonderful weekend everybody.

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